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ObjectiveTo describe a COVID-19 outbreak due to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in a school and provide suggestions for COVID-19 prevention and control. MethodsData on the COVID-19 outbreak in a school in Putuo District of Shanghai were collected from November 14 to December 20， 2022. Epidemiological characteristics， incidence rate of secondary cases and response measures were described and analyzed. ResultsA total of 27 COVID-19 cases were identified infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5.2 variant， including 14 students （51.9%） and 13 family members / teachers living with those students （48.1%）. The first case occurred on November 14， with peak incidence during November 16-18. The median generation interval of the second generation cases was 2 （2，3） days. The index case （case 1， a student） had a clear contact history outside the school， which was found through routine examination in key populations in the school. Immediate management was conducted after the notification. All the second generation cases were exposed students in the same class with case 1， which were identified during the quarantine， whereas the third generation cases were their family members/teachers living with the second generation cases. The incidence rate within the class and school were 36.8% and 3.0%， respectively. No further social transmission was found outside the school. ConclusionEarly detection， multi-sectoral collaboration， prompt control and quarantine measures are effective in containing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Health promotion， surveillance， ventilation and prophylactic disinfection should be reinforced in schools， office buildings and other gathering places.
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Inflammation plays an important part in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). High mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), a neuroinflammatory trigger, has a dual effect on HIBD: in the acute stage, it amplifies the ischemic tissue injury; in the later stage, it is involved in the neurovascular repair and reconstruction. The significance of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of HIBD is still not fully understood. This review summarizes the role of HMGB1 in HIBD, including its effects on neurons, glial cells and blood-brain barrier, and the underlying mechanisms as well as the progress in research on HMGB1 in immature brain, hoping to provide new ideas for neuroprotection in HIBD.
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Objective To evaluate nPEP willingness and uptake among MSM in Shanghai. Methods MSM were recruited through a NGO-based HIV voluntary counseling testing clinic and several virtual communities using snowball sampling. Results A total of 606 MSM were successfully recruited in which 82.8% （502/606） had heard of nPEP and 81.2% （492/606） were willing to use nPEP. MSM who had been diagnosed with sexually transmitted diseases （STD） were more likely to hold willingness in using nPEP. High cost was the most common reason for being unwilling to use nPEP. 9.9% （60/606） had used nPEP in which 51.7% （31/60） had used twice or more， and 50%（30/60） had missed medication in the last nPEP. MSM who were heterosexual or with other sex orientations except for being bisexuality （OR=2.943， 95%CI： 1.057‒8.191）， being receptor in anal intercourse （OR=3.361， 95%CI： 1.552‒7.282）， having 2 or more sexual partners in the last 30 days （OR=2.242， 95%CI： 1.225‒4.105）， having been diagnosed with STI （OR=2.317， 95%CI： 1.223‒4.389）， and using drugs （OR=2.177，95%CI： 1.052‒4.503） were more likely to use nPEP. Conclusion MSM in Shanghai have a relatively high willingness to use and uptake of nPEP. Comprehensive strategies need to be developed on improving adherence and reducing HIV-risk behaviors.
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OBJECTIVE: To establish the quality standard of Chenxiang shuwei poweder. METHODS: The qualitative analysis of Rhubarb in Chenxiang shuwei powder was carried out using TLC and the quantitative analysis of Hesperidin was carried out using RP-HPLC on a column of Luna C18(2)(150 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m). The mobile phase consisted of methyl alcohol-acetic acid-aquifer(35∶4∶61) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1 at a detection wavelength of 283 nm. RESULTS: The TLC spots of Chenxiang shuwei powder were clear with good resolution. The linear range of Hesperidin was 0.12～2.40 ?g (r=0.999 9). The average recovery was 98.0%(RSD=0.9%,n=9).CONCLUSION: The established standard is applicable for the quality control of Chenxiang shuwei powder.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish the chemical identification method of bis muth subcarbonte in weishusan.METH?ODS:The samples were ignited,then bismuth subcarbonate in residue was identified by the identification method of bismuth of identification method of potassium iodide from Chinese Pharmacopenia,with dilute nitric acid as solvent.RESULTS:Bis?muthic salt positive result was found in all dilute nitric acid solvent,this method could eliminate the interference with identi?fication of bismuth subcarbonate from traditional Chinese medicinal components in weishusan,it could also exclude the pseu?do-positive and pseudo-negative reaction,the color was easy to identify.CONCLUSION:This method is simple and stable and therefore applicable to quality control of weishusan.
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OBJECTIVE:To probe the advantages and disadvantges of soft packing container of hospital－ prepared infusion fluid.METHODS:The hospital－ prepared bottled infusion fluid was compared with soft parking fluid in respect to production costs,quality of preparation and clinical use.RESULTS ＆ CONCLUSION:The soft packing infusion fluid has developing potential,however,at present there exist some problems to be settled.It can not take the place of bottled infusion fluid in the near future.
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Objective: To establish the detemination method of bismuth subcarbonate in Weishu Powder. Methods: The samples were ignited, then bismuth subcarbonate in residue was determined by compleximetry. Results: The average recovery was 99.36?0.14%(n=9). Conclusion: This method can be used in quality control of Weishu Powder preparation.
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OBJECTIVE:To correct the standard of bismuth content in Weishusan.METHODS:The contents of effective bismuth in Weishusan and other three reference substances were detected by compleximetry.After adjusting the dosage of Weishusan,clinical rank sum test was carried out.RESULTS:The content of bismuth in original formula of Weishusan was rather high,therefore the inventory of bismuth subcarbonate in preparation technic of Weishusan should be reduced to7.0kg.CONCLUSION:The quality standard should be reformulated as bismuth subcarbonate0.1g(?10%)in per gram of Weishusan.
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OBJECTIVE:To probe the advantages and disadvantges of soft packing container of hospital-prepared infusion fluid.METHODS:The hospital-prepared bottled infusion fluid was compared with soft parking fluid in respect to production costs,quality of preparation and clinical use.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The soft packing infusion fluid has developing potential,however,at present there exist some problems to be settled.It can not take the place of bottled infusion fluid in the near future.